Matenadarans in medieval Armenia were called church vaults, thanks to which thousands of manuscripts were preserved and became the object of scientific study. There are several dozen matenadarans in the world today, but the Yerevan Matenadaran is the most authoritative research and museum center, not only because it is directly under the jurisdiction of the Government of the Republic (other matenadarans are subordinate to church, party or other institutions), but also because it houses the largest collection of handwritten books (more than 16 thousands of copies): in Armenian (more than 10 thousand), Persian (about two thousand), Turkish, Georgian, Arabic, Russian, Greek and other languages. The golden fund of the Yerevan Matenadaran consists of manuscripts of the works of authors of the 5th-15th centuries: Movses Khorenatsi, Yeghishe, Koryun, Agatangelos, Sebeos, Phos Buzand, Lazar Parpetsi, Movses Kalankatuetsi, Tovm Artsruni, Stepanos Taronetsi (Asohik), Aristakes Lastivertzi, Samvel Anetsi, Mkhitar Hayrivanetsi, Matteos Urhaetsi, Smbat Sparapet (Gunstable). One of the most prominent medieval Armenian authors, whose manuscripts are kept in the Matenadaran, was Stepanos Orbelian.

Stepanos Orbelian was born between ¹²⁵⁰ and 1260.1 and died in 1303.2, as evidenced by the inscription on his tomb in the Noravank Temple (Syunik, Eastern Armenia). He lived for about 50 years or a little more and died not yet an old man. Bishop Stepanos Orbelian was the protofrontes (locum tenens or first deputy) of the Armenian Patriarch, and in the last years of his life - Metropolitan of Northern Armenia and Syunik (Eastern Armenia) ^.3 The Orbelyan family originated from Georgia and appeared in Armenia in the 70s of the XII century. In Georgia, this family has been known since the end of the IX century.⁴ It owned the fortress of Orbeti - hence the surname Orbeli (Armenian: arm. Orbelian, later Orbeliani in Georgia). A well-known researcher of ancient Armenian literature, academician Manuk Abegyan, found much in common in the legends and traditions of the Orbeli - Orbelians and Mamikonyan princes, ⁵ and a major American Caucasian scholar, Kirill Tumanoff, went even further: he claimed that the family of princes Orbeli (Bagvashi in Georgian history) appeared in Georgia after the Arabs suppressed an unsuccessful uprising of the Armenian nobility in 771-772, when the surviving members of the Mamikonian family fled to neighboring Georgia ^.6 However, this opinion is not entirely consistent with the report of the Georgian chronicle "Matiane Kartlis", according to which the family of princes Orbeli (Bagvashi) appeared in Georgia a hundred years later.

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in K. Tumanoff's version of events, namely in 876, ⁷ K. Tumanoff, of course, correctly noted that the Georgian lands always willingly provided shelter to the Armenian Naharars (princes) after unsuccessful uprisings against the Arabs in the VIII-IX centuries. ⁸

Stepanos Orbelian belonged to this princely family and describes with great sympathy the valiant and heroic deeds of its outstanding representatives. In particular, in chapter 66 of his main work " History of the country (region) Syunik" he traces in detail the deeds of Liparit IV Bagvashi, who for more than 20 years fought against the centralizing policy of the Georgian kings from the Bagrationi dynasty ^.9 The struggle between Tsar Bagrat IV (1027-1072) and the lord of the Kldekara fortress in Trialeti (Southern Georgia), which unfolded in the middle of the XI century, became international in nature and caused interference in the internal Georgian affairs of various foreign forces. The Byzantine Empire, which actively supported Eristav (Prince) Liparit Bagvashi, was seriously concerned about the prospect of uniting all parts of Georgia into a single state, ¹⁰ and did everything possible to slow down this process by supporting the Eristavs of Southern Georgia who opposed the Eristav kings. Bishop Stepanos Orbelyan's account of the struggle of Liparit Baghvashi comes from the work of an Armenian historian of the 12th century. Mkhitar Anetsi, whose work is considered lost, and only some excerpts from which have come down through the books of other authors ¹¹ . As Professor Digran Kuyumchyan (Fresno University, USA) has shown, it is only thanks to Stepanos Orbelian's book that the most extensive and perhaps most important passage from Mkhitar Anetsi's work has come down to us; some passages of Mkhitar Anetsi's book in the works of other Armenian historians are secondary in nature and often repeat what is already known ¹² . The history of Mkhitar Anetsi brought the description of events up to 1193 ¹³ .

The appearance of Orbelians in Armenia in the 70s of the XII century is connected with the events in the Georgian kingdom of Bagrationi. Enraged by the separatism of the Bagvashi family, King George III (1156-1184), the father of the great Georgian Queen Tamara (1184-1213), learned of another conspiracy of the Georgian nobility in 1177-1178, led by the Bagvashi princes, defeated them, confiscated all their fortresses and land possessions, and ordered the names of Liparit and his ancestors to be deleted from the list. books and chronicles. Representatives of the genus were destroyed without distinction of sex and age. Only Liparit VI, who had a very common name in the Bagvashi family, managed to escape from Georgia. His two sons, Elikum and Ivane, who were not in Georgia at that time, were also saved: they were in Northern Iran. Liparit VI enlisted the help of Muslim neighbors, and having received a detachment of several thousand horsemen from the sons of the recently deceased ruler of Ganja and Tavriz atabek Shams ad-Din Ildegiz, Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan and Kzyl-Arslan, invaded Georgia with them ^.14 It is difficult to say what happened next to Liparit VI, but he suddenly interrupted his campaign and went to Northern Iran. Stepanos Orbelian says that after learning about the complete defeat of the rebellion by Tsar George III, Liparit did not want to ruin his homeland and cause damage to it. It is difficult to say whether this was due to Liparit's moral principles or whether he felt the futility and hopelessness of continuing the struggle against the tsarist government.

Shortly after these events, Liparit died in a foreign land. His son petitioned for forgiveness to his entire family from Queen Tamara, and in 1190 the queen forgave him and returned the ancestral fortress of Orbeti ¹⁵ . Ivane returned to Georgia and revived the Orbeli (Bagvashi) family. His brother Elikum did not believe in the royal forgiveness and refused to go to Georgia. After that, Elikum asked Atabek Kzyl-Arslan to give him the Armenian region of Nakhichevan to manage, and atabek granted this request. Elikum became the founder of the Armenian branch of the Orbelian princes in 1190. His son, Liparit VII, took an active part in the liberation of Northern Armenia from the Seljuk Turks by the Georgian army in 1203-1211 ^.16 As a reward for this, at the request of the Georgian

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Atabek Ivane Zakharyan, Liparit VII received after 1211 from Queen Tamara in the administration and possession of the Armenian province of Syunik. So, since 1211, the Syunik princes of the Orbeli family (Orbeliani-Orbelians) appeared in Armenia - vassals of the Georgian kings. After the death of Liparit VII, Syunik was ruled by his son, Elikum II (1228-1245), under whom the Mongol invasion took place. Elikum II recognized the power of the Mongols and concluded a treaty with Aslannoyon, the head of the Mongol horde in Iran and the Caucasus. Aslan-noyon left Syunik to him, adding Vayots Dzor and Eleghis. It was these lands that became the basis of the Orbelyan principality in Armenia for almost 250 years, until at the end of the XV - beginning of the XVI century. They were not confiscated by the Ak Koyunlu and Kara Koyunlu nomads ^.17

Elikum II died in 1245 in one of the joint campaigns with the Mongols. The fourth Orbelian, Prince of Syunik, was Prince Smbat (1245-1273). He managed to establish good relations with the Mongol ruler of Iran, the Caucasus and the Middle East, Ilkhan Hulagu, which led to an aggravation of relations with the Georgian tsars, who considered the Syunik princes as their vassals. Prince Smbat maneuvered between Georgians and Mongols: he wove intrigues, arranged conspiracies, and made expensive gifts to Georgian and Mongolian nobles. In 1251, at the headquarters of the great Khan of the Mongols, in Karakorum, he received a golden paizu ¹⁸ -a sign of his subordination only to the great khan and the right of inju, which freed him from paying tribute to Georgia and Iran (tribute Smbat had to deliver directly to Karakorum). In 1256, Prince Smbat made a second trip to the court of the great Khan Mengu and received new charters and paizu, confirming and expanding his rights ^.19 Recognition of the authority of Prince Smbat was his invitation to the court of the Georgian King David VI (1247-1270). King David VI ordered (at the request of Prince Smbat) to get out of the archives and publicly burn the letters and documents containing information discrediting the Orbelyan family (Bagvashi) ²⁰ .

After the death of Prince Smbat, the Syunik Principality passed to his brother, Prince Tarsaich (1273-1290). One of Tarsaich's sons was the historian Stepanos Orbelian. Prince Tarsaich established friendly relations in 1284 with the Georgian King Demeter II (1270-1289) ²¹ and with the Hulaguids. King Demetre II granted him the position of atabek of the Georgian royal house, and Prince Tarsaich begged him to grant tax exemption to 150 monasteries, temples ,and churches in Syunik and Eleghis. ²² After Tarsaich's death, a fifth ruler, Elikum III (1290-1300), brother of Stepanos Orbelian, was confirmed on the Syunik princely throne by the Mongols.

The Orbelyan family under Prince Tarsaich was at the zenith of glory and honor, its wealth multiplied, its possessions increased, new cities and villages appeared. Prince Tarsaich decided to prepare his son Stepanos for the career of a spiritual ruler. For this purpose, Stepanos spent several years studying with the teachers of the University of Gladzor (which existed from 1280 to 1338), who moved to the Noravank Monastery in Syunik ^.23 His teacher was Ter - Hayrapet, a prominent scholar and former lecturer at the University of Gladzor. Stepanos was promoted to the rank of vardapet (Archimandrite) by the General Assembly of priests in Noravank. This happened between 1280 and 1284 at the University of Gladzor, where at that time Nerses Mshetsi was the rabunapet (^rector of the University) ^.25 It should be noted that Stepanos quite quickly moved up the steps of the church hierarchy: while still studying in Norvanka, he received the rank of psalmist, then-successively anaganos, monk and deacon. Finally, in the early 1280s, he received the honorary and important rank of vardapet in the church hierarchy. Now the Prince of Syunik Tarsaich Orbelyan could begin to fulfill his plan: to make his son Metropolitan of Northern Armenia. For this purpose, in 1286-1287. Stepanos Orbelyan traveled to Cilicia on April ²⁶ to be ordained Archbishop of Syunik and Metropolitan of Northern Armenia. However, while he was making his way to the shores

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Catholicos of All Armenians Hakob I Klaetsi (1268 - 1286) died in Cilicia. Stepanos and the priests accompanying him had to go to Adana in the capital , the residence of the Armenian king of Cilicia Levon III (1270-1289). Here he waited three months for the election of a new Catholicos of all Armenians, and before Easter (in April) he learned that Constantine II (1286-1289) had become the new Catholicos. The new Catholicos immediately ordained Stepanos Orbelyan as Archbishop of Syunik and Metropolitan of Northern Armenia and, in addition, granted him the title of Protofrontes-locum tenens of the Patriarchal throne in Armenia ^.27 The receipt of all three ecclesiastical titles (metropolitan, archbishop and protofrontes) is confirmed by the memorable records of the Gospel of 1300, copied in the Tatev Monastery, and the inscription made later on the same Gospel ²⁸, which is kept in the matenadaran of the Mkhitarist Congregation in Vienna.

After returning from Cilicia, Bishop of Syunik and Metropolitan of Northern Armenia Stepanos Orbelian wrote several historical works and philosophical treatises during his 16 years of ecclesiastical, political and literary activity (1287-1308). The "History of the Syunik region" (manuscript of the Yerevan Matenadaran No. 6271, dated 1299, although it was handwritten and restored in the ⁵⁰ - 70 years of the XIX century) has come down to us29 . This work of Stepanos Orbelian is contained in seven other manuscripts of the Yerevan Matenadaran: NN 1488, 2868, 2869, 2924 (copy from manuscript N 1488, rewritten in 1864), 2698, 6271, 7503 ³⁰ .

14 manuscripts contain chapter 66 of this work, entitled "On the great Nahararatstvo of the Orbelians, their origin and arrival in this region, as well as on various events and numerous conversations about various matters." These manuscripts of the Yerevan Matenadaran for NN 784, 791, 1482, 1535, 1721 (abbreviated text), 1724, 2560, 3070, 3498, 4584, 6882, 6995, 7084, 8344 ³¹ . For a long time, it was considered that Chapter 66 was a separate work, but after 1840, researchers came to the conclusion that it was an integral part of the "History of the Syunik Region", rewritten by various scribes as a separate manuscript ^.32 Thus, we can conclude that there are not 7 or 14, but 21 manuscripts describing the "History of the Syunik region" (full and partial text) in the Yerevan Matenadaran. In total, the Yerevan Matenadaran has 46 manuscripts containing various works of the Archbishop of Syunik. In 23 manuscripts, you can find other works of Stepanos Orbelian: "Lamentation for the Holy Church "(1300) - NN 571, 8029, 1870, 1538, 9777 ³³ and " Objections to Diaphysitism "(1300) - NN 342, 569, 2268, 2678, 3192, 3483, 571, 573, 1487, 1555, 1865 ³⁴ . The latter work is also known as The Word of Protest against Heretics, although some experts believe that Vozrozhdenie and The Word are different works ^.35

In the collections of the Yerevan Matenadaran there are three more manuscripts related to the name and life of Stepanos Orbelian (NN 1513, 1870, 2603). These manuscripts tell about Stepanos Orbelian's trip to Cilicia, about his writing various works, and contain a list and summary of his works. In some manuscripts, there are two or three titles of different works-this is explained by the fact that they contain several different works at once, i.e. these copies are actual collections of various works of Stepanos Orbelian.

The significance of Stepanos Orbelian's writings has long been recognized by historians ^.36 The manuscripts were copied from the 14th to the 19th centuries in churches and monasteries of medieval Armenia and neighboring countries: Iran, Georgia, and Turkey. Stepanos Orbelian's books were also known in countries far from Armenia (India, Russia, Palestine). Already in the XVIII century. They were published in India and Russia ³⁷ .

The result of a thorough research and analysis of various manuscripts of Archbishop Stepanos Orbelian was a modern edition of the text of his main work "History of the Syunik region", which was carried out after many years of research in 1986.

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Manuscripts of the works of Archbishop Stepanos Orbelyan kept in the Matenadaran of Yerevan

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Table (End)

Yerevan by A. G. Abramyan. This edition takes into account various versions of Stepanos Orbelian's manuscripts, which were rewritten at different times in different countries. Nevertheless, it is still sometimes very important for research to compare published texts with manuscripts. The manuscripts contain sometimes insignificant details, words and turns of speech that are no longer found in modern Armenian, which lead to unexpected discoveries, a different view of established facts, and sometimes shed light on other events that are not directly mentioned in Stepanos Orbelian's writings.

notes

^{Hakobyan T. Kh., Melik-Bakhshyan S. T.} 1 Stepanos Orbelyan (in Armenian). Yerevan, 1960. p. 26.

^{E. Lalayan} 2 The inscription on the tomb of Bishop Stepanos / / Azgagrakan andes. Kn. 3. Tiflis, 1898. p. 141. Based on the analysis of the inscription on the tomb of Stepanos Orbelian, E. Lalayan came to the conclusion that Stepanos died in 1304 (or 753 years of the Armenian calendar). However, since the photo clearly shows the date - 752 years of the Armenian chronology (or 1303 years of the Gregorian calendar), I consider it more reliable. Photo taken by the author of the article in the fall of 1999.

^{Aleksanyan V. S.} 3 Life, activity and scientific and historical heritage of Stepanos Orbelyan. Yerevan, 1975. Abstract of cand. dis. p. 13, 25-26.

⁴ Matiane Kartlisa-Kartlis Tskhovreba (History of Georgia). Ed. Kaukhchishvili S. G. T. 1. Tbilisi, 1955. p. 258 (in Ancient Georgian); Matiane Kartlisa. Perev. and a comment. Lordkipanidze M. D. Tbilisi, 1976. pp. 47-48; Chronicle of Kartli. Translation, introduction and comments by Tsulai G. V. Tbilisi, 1982, p. 67.

^{Abegyan Manuk.} 5 History of Ancient Armenian literature. Yerevan, 1975. P. 458; Toumanoff C. Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Georgetown, 1963. P. 209 - 321.

^{Toumanoff Cyrille.} 6 The Mamikonigs and Liparitids // Armeniaca. Melanges d'Etudes Armeniennes. Venise, 1969. P. 130 - 131.

⁷ Mathians of Kartlis-Kartlis of Tskhovreb. Vol. 1. pp. 258-259; Mathians of Kartlis. pp. 48-50; Chronicle of Kartli. pp. 66-67.

^{Toumanoff Cyrille.} 8 The Bagratids of Iberia from the Eight to the Eleventh Century // Le Museon. 1961, N 74. P. 17 - 18.

^{Orbelyan Stepanos.} 9 Patmuttsyun gavar of Syunik (History of Syunik province). Tiflis, 1910. pp. 372-373 (in ancient Armenian); Patmuttsyun nahangi Sisakan by Bishop Stepanos Orbelyan of Syunik (History of the Sisakan region by Bishop Stepanos Orbelyan of Syunik). Ed. by K. P. Shahnazaryan, 1859. pp. 359-361 (in Armenian); Stepanos, Bishop of Syunia, history of the Sisakan House. Ed. by M. M. Emin, 1861. pp. 347 (in Armenian); Orbelyan Stepanos. History of Syunik. Abramyan's Ed., Yerevan, 1986 (in Armenian).

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^{Papaskiri Z.} 10 Formation of a single feudal Georgian state and some issues of the foreign policy situation of Georgia. Tbilisi, 1990. pp. 165-208; same name. Medieval Georgia in the international arena. Tbilisi. 1991. pp. 19-91 (in Georgian).

^{Margaryan A.} 11 Kniga Mkhitara Anetsi [The Book of Mkhitar Anetsi]. Yerevan, 1983 (in Armenian); Thomson R. W. The Armenian Version of the Geogrian Chronicles / / Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1990 - 1991, N 5. P. 81 - 90; Kouymjian O. K. Mxitar (Mekintar) of Ani on the Rise of the Seljuqs // Revue des Etudes Armeniennes (далее - REA). P., 1969. T. VI. P. 331 - 353; Куюмчян Д. Mkhitar Anetsin ghaznevidneri ev seljukneri masin (Mkhitar Anetsi o Ghaznevidakh i seljukakh) / / Lraber (Izvestiya AN Armenii). 1972, N 4. С. 74 - 84; Kouymjian O. K. Problems of Medieval and Muslims Historiography: the Mxitar of Ani Fragment // International Journal of Middle East Studies. 1973. N 4. P. 465 - 474.

^{Kouymjian O. K.} 12 Mhitar... P. 333 - 339; idem. Problems... P. 467 - 470.

^{Thomson R. W.} 13 A Medieval Armenian View of the Physical World: the Cosmology of Vardan Arewelc'i in his Chronicle //REA. 1992, N 23. P. 191 - 196; idem. Corpus Christianorum. A Bibliography of Classical Armenian Literature to 1500 A.D. Brepols-Turnholt, 1995. P. 168 - 169. P. Thomson (University of London), following D. Kuyumchyan, believes that excerpts from the now lost chronicle of Mkhitar Anetsi were preserved in the book of another Armenian chronicler, Vardan Areveltsii. Vardan Areveltsi included in his work an excerpt from Mkhitar Anetsi, which refers to the siege of Jerusalem by Sultan Salah-ad-Din (Saladin )in 1187, the Third Crusade (1189) , and the Seljuk Sultan Togrul III (1176-1194) (see: Markaryan S. A. Seljuks in Iran XI century. Saratov, 1991, p. 18) is reported as reigning.

^{Sadr al-Din al-Husaini.} 14 Akhbar ad-daulat al-seljukiyyah. Zubdat al-tawarih fi akhbar al-umar wa-l-muluk al-seljukiyya, Moscow, 1980, p. 141; Muhammad ar-Rawandi. The Rabat us-Sudur wa Ayat-us-Surur. Ed. by Igbal M. Leiden-London, 1921. P. 284 - 285.

^{Orbelyan Stepanos.} 15 Patmuttsyun... p. 390.

¹⁶ Istoriya i pokhvalenie ventsenostsev [History and praise of crowned leaders] / / Matiane Kartlisa-Kartlis Tskhovreba, T. P. Tbilisi, 1959. pp. 30-40; Basili. The story of the King of Kings Tamar // Ibid., pp. 125, 149 (in Ancient Russian). Text of the inscription on the temple of Noravank (Yeghegnadzor): "Liparit, the first among the Orbelians, the bravest commander and builder. He sought to liberate the Armenian and Georgian Gavars (regions. - SM) from the rule of the Seljuks "(Orbelian Stepanos. Patmuttsyun... p. 5).

^{Papazyan A.D.} The Beit-ul-mal Institute and the confiscation of the lands of Armenian feudal lords in the XV century.Istoriko-filologicheskiy zhurnal (hereinafter - IFJ). Yerevan, 1958. pp. 193-203; same name. New epigraphic data on the last descendants of the Armenian feudal nobility in Syunik // A.D. Papazyan notes in his last article that the epigraphic data indicate that the village of Urut (Orotn) in Syunik became the ancestral fiefdom of the Burtelans, a side branch of the Orbelian princes and a new princely family in Armenia since the 1380s.

^{Orbelyan Stepanos.} 18 Patmuttsyun... p. 414; History and praise of the crowned ones. pp. 47-48.

^{Orbelyan Stepanos.} 19 Patmuttsyun... p. 421.

^{Aleksanyan V. S.} 20 Decree.op. P. 16.

²¹ History and praise of the Venetians, pp. 54-57.

^{Aleksanyan V. S.} 22 Decree. op.P. 17.

^{Abramyan A. G.} 23 Preface / / Orbelyan Stepanos. History of Syunik, pp. 16-19.

²⁴ New Armenian Martyrs (1155-1843). Transl., preface and notes. Ter-Davtyan K. S. Yerevan, 1998, pp. 59-60.

²⁵ Nerses Mshetsi was the head of the University of Gladzor from 1280 to 1284. See: Khachikyan L. Gladzor University and the final works of its students // Scientific works of Yerevan State University, vol. XXIII. Yerevan, 1946. p. 432-433 (in Armenian); Armenian hagiographic literature of the XI-XV centuries. Ed. Ter-Davtyan K. S. Yerevan, 1980. p. 186; Armenian hagiographies of the V-XV centuries. Transl., note. and ed. Ter-Davtyan K. S. Yerevan, 1996, pp. 58-61.

^{Aleksanyan V. S.} 26 Decree. op. P. 23.

^{Orbelyan Stepanos.} 27 Patmuttsyun... P. 479; Patmuttsyun nahangi... P. 479; P. 461; Orbelyan Stepanos. History of Syunik. p. 531.

^{Ter-Avetisyan S.} 28 Catalog of Armenian manuscripts of the New Julfa. Vol. 1. Vienna, 1970. pp. 53-54 .( in Armenian).

²⁹ Yerevan Matenadaran. Funds. Ruk. N 6271. L. 1A.

³⁰ Catalog of manuscripts of Mashtots Matenadaran. Compiled by: Yeganyan O., Zeytunyan A., Antabyan P. T. 1. Yerevan, 1965. P. 563 - 564, 892 - 893, 903, 857; Vol. 2. 1970. pp. 283-284, 547.

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³¹ Ibid., vol. 1. p. 409 - 410, 411, 562 - 563, 577 - 578, 619 - 620, 825 - 826, 931 - 932, 1025 - 1026, 1241 - 1242; Vol. 2. p. 413 - 414, 437 - 438, 457 - 458, 725 - 726.

^{Aleksanyan V. S.} 32 Decree. op. p. 32; Abramyan A. Decree. op. p. 18-41.

³³ Catalog of Matenadaran manuscripts, vol. 1, p. 351. 661 - 662,577 - 578; Vol. 2. p. 688 - 689,861 - 862 Grigoryan M. S. Stepanos Orbelyan / / IFZH. 1976, N 4. Pp. 102-104.

³⁴ Catalog of Matenadaran manuscripts, vol. 1. p. 301 - 302, 349 - 350, 351, 563 - 564, 581 - 582, 661 - 662, 851 - 852, 891 - 892,959 - 960, 1023 - 1024.

^{Aleksanyan V. S.} 35 Decree. op. p. 32; Grigoryan M. S. Decree. op. p. 104.

^{Dowsett C. J. F.} 36 Armenian Historiography // Historians of Middle East. Ed. by Lewis B. and Holt P. M. L., 1962. P. 259 - 268; Repertoire des bibliotheques et des catalogues de manuscrits Armeniens. Brepols-Turnholt, 1992. P. 199 - 201.

³⁷ Historia Satrapium Orbelensium, in majore Armenia. V., 1717; Lamentation on the holy Church. Stepanos Orbelian. Published in New Nakhichevan near Rostov, 1790; Elegy on the Cathedral of Ejmiacins / / Telekagir. Calcutta, 1846.

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