V. I. KULIKOV. Putting Virgin and Long-Fallow Land to the Plough and Its Role in Increasing the Production of Grain

Making a comprehensive analysis of extensive factual material, the author vividly shows how in the years of Soviet power the problem of increasing the output of grain by drawing the available reserves of arable land into the economic sphere was tackled at the different stages of the country's socialist development The attention in the article is focussed on the mass movement launched in the mid-1950's to bring virgin and long-fallow land under cultivation. The author convincingly shows that the expenses involved in opening up virgin land during that period have been fully recompensed. All in all, 42 million hectares of new land were brought under cultivation. They account for 27 per cent, and the virgin-land areas as a whole for more than 50 per cent, of the total amount of grain purchased by the state. The article also outlines the prospects of the continued development of virgin and disused land through reclamation.

A. M. FILITOV. Present-Day Bourgeois Historiography of Soviet Foreign Policy

Analyzing the most widespread present-day conceptions of the history of Soviet foreign policy propounded in American, British and West-German literature, the author notes the contradictory and complex character of the changes taking place in the approach of bourgeois historians to the treatment of these problems. In definite circles of Western scientists there is now a clearly expressed tendency to depart from primitive anticommunist patterns; now and again they are compelled to recognize in their works the peaceable character of the foreign policy line followed by the Soviet state. Simultaneously with this the article exposes the methods resorted to by those Sovietologists who are dead set against detente (assailing the theoretical foundations of socialism's foreign policy, the principles of peaceful co-existence and socialist internationalism; attempts to galvanize the "theory of continuity" of the foreign policy of tsarist Russia and of the Soviet state; preaching the possibility of exerting pressure on the U.S.S.R. by resorting to "strength" policies; seeking to use the "super-powers" theory for anti-Soviet purposes), bringing out the patently eclectic and unscientific nature of their argumentation.

R. P. IVANOVA. The Ukrainian-Polish Revolutionary Ties at the Close of the 1850's and the Beginning of the 1860's

The article highlights the process of rapprochement between the democratic forces of the Polish and Ukrainian peoples, which began to develop with particular intensity in the sixties of the last century, when the leaders of the liberation movement in Russia, Poland and the Ukraine sought to realize in practice the idea of mutual assistance and mutual support in the struggle against the autocracy, for democratic transformations in the country.

B. P. GUREVICH, V. A. MOISEYEV. The Relations of Imperial China and Russia with the Dzungarian Khanate in the 17th-18th Centuries and Present- Day Chinese Historiography

The relations of China (under the Chin dynasty) and Russia with the Dzungarian Khanate in the 17th-18th centuries have latterly become the object of special attention on the part of Chinese historians. Drawing on factual data furnished by little- known Russian and Chinese sources, the authors of this article refute the pseudo- scientific contentions of present-day Chinese historians concerning the political status of the Oirat state and its relations with China (in the period of the Chin dynasty) and Russia.

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L. N. NEZHINSKY. The Revolution of 1919 in Hungary

The article examines the prerequisites of the socialist revolution of 1919 in Hungary, tracing its progress and results. Particular attention is devoted by the author to Lenin's appraisal of these events. Highlighting the historic significance of the Hungarian Soviet Republic proclaimed in 1919, the author points out some of the object lessons that can be drawn from its experience.

R. G. TUMKOVSKY. Soviet-American Talks on the Limitation of Strategic Arms

The author examines the most important aspect of the present stage in Soviet- American relations - the talks aimed at drafting the second agreement on the limitation of strategic offensive arms (SALT-2). The article shows the Soviet Union's tireless and consistent efforts to achieve a just solution of this problem on the basis of the principle of equality and equal security, which precludes the possibility of gaining unilateral military advantages.

[A. D. KOLPAKOV.] Ireland After the Civil War

The article is written by a prominent Soviet specialist in the modern and contemporary history of Ireland, who died recently. It closely examines the basic trends of Ireland's economic and political development from 1921 to 1938 - a period keynoted by the struggle between two groups of the national bourgeoisie. It was in those years that the foundations of Irish national industry were laid and definite steps taken to deliver the country from the grip of colonialism. The 1930's also marked a boundary in the development of the national bourgeoisie which dreaded the spread of the mass liberation movement.

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