Fortuna Ferri: Archaeology of Superstition and Cultural Transfer of a Symbol Introduction: From a Utilitarian Object to a Semiotic Phenomenon The horseshoe as a talisman represents a unique example of semiotic transformation, where an object of purely utilitarian and technological nature becomes a powerful cultural symbol. This process is based on three basic components: material (iron), form (crescent), and function (protection of the horse's hoof). Each of these components has accumulated mythological and magical connotations in different cultures, leading to the formation of one of the most recognizable and enduring superstitions on a global scale. Genesis: Culture of Iron, Horse, and Sanctity Iron as an apotropaic: In archaic cultures, iron (and later steel) was considered a material that repels evil spirits. This is related to its relatively late mastery by humanity, the meteoritic origin of the first samples ("heavenly metal"), and the ability to forge, which was perceived as a magical action that changes the nature of matter. The horseshoe, being a product of the blacksmith, absorbed this sacredness. Sacralization of the horse: As has been discussed earlier, the horse was a solar and mythological animal in many cultures (Celtic, Slavic, Turkic). An object constantly in contact with it and protecting it absorbed part of this symbolic power. The horseshoe "remembered" the speed, endurance, and luck of the horse. Christian legend of St. Dunstan (10th century): The most popular European legend attributes the tradition of the horseshoe to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dunstan, who was once a blacksmith. According to the legend, the devil appeared in the form of a woman in his smithy, asking him to shoe his hoof. Recognizing the unclean, Dunstan chained him to the wall and began to hammer him with an ax, releasing him only after he renounced evil deeds. The devil, freed, vowed never to approach the house where a horseshoe hangs. This story became a powerful narrati ... Read more