Aquaculture and its prospects: how we are learning to cultivate the ocean Humanity stands on the brink of a new food revolution, and it will not take place on fields and greenhouses, but in water. Aquaculture — the cultivation of aquatic organisms in controlled conditions — is experiencing a rapid rise today. Half a century ago, fish, mollusks, and seaweed were mainly harvested in the wild, and this seemed to be an immutable order. But oceans are being depleted, the population is growing, and we are increasingly turning to farms — not on land, but in the sea, in lakes, in artificial basins, and even in urban basements. What is aquaculture today and what future awaits us in this rapidly developing sector? From ancient ponds to modern platforms People have been engaged in fish farming since time immemorial. In Ancient China, carp were cultivated in ponds five centuries before our era. The Egyptians, Romans, Aztecs — all of them practiced artificial breeding of aquatic organisms. However, until the 20th century, this was more of a pinpoint activity, not on an industrial scale. The real revolution took place in the 1960s, when Norwegian scientists began experiments with farming Atlantic salmon in cages. This became the starting point for modern aquaculture. Since then, technologies have advanced significantly: from primitive wooden cages to giant underwater farms with automated feeding and monitoring systems. Why do we need aquaculture There are several reasons, all related to global challenges. The planet can no longer feed itself through the wild. According to expert estimates, about 90% of the world's fish stocks are either overfished or at the limit of exploitation. At the same time, the demand for fish and seafood is steadily growing, especially in developing countries, where fish is the main source of animal protein. Aquaculture offers a solution: it allows fish to be produced in controlled conditions without depleting natural populations. Moreover, it is a ... Read more